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The southern hill myna is present in southwestern India and Sri Lanka. It inhabits tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, mountains, mangrove forests and plantation areas. [3] It is usually found high in the canopy, moving in large noisy groups of about half a dozen, in treetops at the edge of the forest. It hops sideways along the branch. Like most starlings, the hill myna is omnivorous, eating fruit, nectar and insects. A 2020 study found that the subspecies G. religiosa miotera or Simeulue hill myna, which is endemic to Simeulue, Indonesia and has not been recognized in recent taxonomic arrangements aside from HBW ( Handbook of the Birds of the World), also likely represents a distinct species and was likely driven to extinction in the wild in the late 2010s due to unsustainable collecting for the wildlife trade. The paper recommends rescuing the last genetically pure captive individuals for the purpose of captive breeding. [6] Former species [ edit ] Hampir seluruh badan beo nias diselimuti bulu yang berwarna hitam kecuali di beberapa bagian seperti bagian belakang kepala yang berwarna kuning dan juga di beberapa bagian sayapnya yang berwarna putih. Beo nias merupakan hewan yang memakan buah-buahan dan serangga-serangga kecil. Grimmett, Richard; Inskipp, Carol; Inskipp, Tim (1999). Birds of India. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04910-6.

The Hill myna is generally an arboreal frugivore, but also includes nectar, insects, and lizards in its diet. Figs are eaten most frequently, followed by berries and seeds from a variety of trees and shrubs. Most of the insects eaten are gleaned from trees, but it has been known to catch winged termites in the air (Feare, 1999). Economic Importance for Humans: Positive This myna is a resident breeder from Kumaon division in India (80° eastern longitude) east through Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh, the lower Himalayas, terai and foothills up to 2000 m ASL. Its range continues east through Southeast Asia northeastwards to southern China, and via Thailand southeastwards across northern Indonesia to Palawan in the Philippines. Apart from the putatively distinct populations discussed above, the G. religiosa has five or six subspecies which differ only slightly. They are:Kemampuan dan kecerdasan beo dalam menirukan suara jika dilatih secara rutin menjadikan burung ini memiliki harga jual cukup tinggi. Nah, berikut ini adalah daftar harga burung beo terbaru yang bisa kita jadikan acuan ketika hendak membelinya di pasar burung, yaitu: Beo Sumatera – Beo dari Sumatera ini cenderung lebih terjangkau, yaitu sekitar Rp 1,5 juta per ekor untuk burung usia dibawah 6 bulan This genus has representatives in tropical southern Asia from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia, and the common hill myna, a popular cage bird, has been introduced to the United States. Artikulasi beo dalam menirukan suara juga dipengaruhi oleh paruh dan lidahnya. Dalam melantangkan suara, burung beo memiliki paruh dan lidah yang mampu melafalkan intonasi. Cara kerja kedua organ tersebut adalah dengan membuka serta menutup paruhnya. Burung beo begitu populer karena kecerdasan dan kepandaiannya dalam meniru berbagai suara. Kepandaian tersebut sebenarnya bukan tanpa alasan, karena ada beberapa faktor yang dimiliki oleh burung ini sehingga mampu menjadi peniru ulung. 1. Struktur Otak Unik

Gracula religiosa intermedia – Beo Indocina. Tersebar dari barat laut Indocina, timur laut India, hingga selatan Cina. French: Mainate religieux, Mainate religieux, M. de Sumbawa ou M. indien, Mainate religieux, M. indien, M. de Nias ou M. d'Enggano Hill mynas are renowned for their ability to mimic the human voice. It has been claimed that the hill mynah is the best talking bird and the best mimic in the world. [7] Distribution and habitat [ edit ] Gracula is a genus of mynas, tropical members of the starling family of birds found in southern Asia and introduced to Florida in the United States.

Geographic Range

Both sexes can produce an extraordinarily wide range of loud calls – whistles, wails, screeches, and gurgles, sometimes melodious and often very human-like in quality. Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds: with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p.39. The Common Hill myna is almost completely arboreal. It prefers perching on the highest point of an exposed dead branch (Feare, 1999). Unlike other mynas and starlings that walk, this Myna hops sideways on branches.

They build a nest in a hole in a tree. The usual clutch is two or three eggs. [4] There is no sexual dimorphism in these birds, which results in a limited possibility of choosing the sex to work with for mating. [9] Pet trade and conservation [ edit ] Adult at Jurong Bird Park, Singapore Eggs Although the Hill myna doesn't have an original song, it is one of the most famous songbird mimics. Its ability to mimic human speech, bird calls, and a wide variety of other sounds has made this bird more demanded than the parrot (Orenstein, 1997). This demand has led to the creation of industries that harvest and prepare juveniles for the pet trade. Common Hill Myna aka Java Hill Myna – Nominate Species (Gracula religiosa religiosa) ( Southern Race) In north eastern India, the HIll myna used to be caught for food. In fact, curried myna was a favorite among the people there (Feare, 1999). G. r. miotera Oberholser, 1917 – the Simeulue hill myna; Simeulue Island. Possibly extinct in the wild.

Range: Northern India to the north-east of the Deccan, particularly in Orissa, and also in eastern Madhya Pradesh and northern Andhra Pradesh ID: Usually a little smaller than the Greater Indian Hill Mynah (Gracula religiosa intermedia). Also has a shorter and finer bill. Common or Tenggara Hill Myna [excl. enganensis, robusta] ( Gracula [religiosa or venerata, excl. enganensis, robusta]) This myna is almost entirely arboreal, moving in large, noisy groups of half a dozen or so, in tree-tops at the edge of the forest. It hops sideways along the branch, unlike the characteristic jaunty walk of other mynas. Like most starlings, the hill myna is fairly omnivorous, eating fruit, nectar and insects. [4]

Sankaran, R. (1998). An annotated list of the endemic avifauna of the Nicobar islands. Forktail 13: 17–22. PDF fulltext

The Enggano Hill Myna ( G. enganensis) and Nias Hill Myna ( G. robusta) are also widely accepted as specifically distinct, and many authors favor treating the Southern Hill Myna ( G. r. indica) from the Nilgiris and elsewhere in the Western Ghats of India as a separate species also. Description Meskipun jarang ada di Indonesia, potensinya untuk dikembangbiakkan di Indonesia masih sangat terbuka. 4. Beo Enggano Its voice is melodious, it is able to emit various croaks and calls. [4] The hill myna is considered to be one of the best talking birds, often imitating human sounds and voice, better than parrots. [5] It is also bred in captivity for this particularity. The southern hill myna is claimed to be less vocally gifted than the common hill myna, a very similar species whose range does not overlap. [6] Reproduction [ edit ] Selain struktur otak intinya yang unik, kepandaiannya dalam menirukan suara juga diperoleh dari adanya jaringan cincin luar otak. Fungsi utama bagian ini adalah sebagai pengolah vokal. Tetapi tidak semua jenis beo mempunyai jaringan cincin luar yang sama. Semakin besar jaringan cincin luar otak yang dimiliki, maka semakin pintar burung dalam meniru.